What is the best smartphone location application Google Pixel 3

16 time-saving Android shortcuts

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Help How can we help? Expert help is available 6am - 9pm PST. Search our help center. Request chat. Get advice on Pixel devices. In practice, because of error in each range, a maximum likelihood position is calculated using a least squares multilateration algorithm. You can then further refine this position by repeating the process, particularly as the phone moves, and then calculate trajectory using filtering techniques, such as Kalman filtering, to optimize the estimate.

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What we find is that sometimes there is a constant range calibration offset that may be as much as half a meter. Sometimes you also see multipath effects where a packet on the non-line-of-sight path from the access point to the phone is received rather than on the line-of-sight path, making the range appear longer. That problem can be solved by the vendor using something called antenna diversity, but all of these issues are related to algorithms, which the vendors are improving.

Basically, we need to go through a sort of teething process to get rid of these bugs, and Google can help in this process by providing reference platforms and reference applications. Vendors can then calibrate their own platforms before you guys even get to use them, which will be the ideal situation. One other thing to remember is that if you are calculating the Wi-Fi RTT position yourself, you also had to know the position of the access points. As we mentioned, RTT measures the round-trip time between two Wi-Fi devices so both your mobile phone and your access points need to support the Of course, both location and Wi-Fi scanning need to be enabled on the mobile device.

How do you know whether your mobile phone supports RTT? How do you know whether your access points support RTT? As usual, you will need to do a Wi-Fi scan and get a list of Wi-Fi scan results. Then iterate through the scan results and check for each scan result whether the method ismcRepsonder returns true. This will tell you whether the access points support RTT. Usually RTT takes only a few hundreds of milliseconds, and when it finishes, you will get a list of information including the status — an RTT may fail, the MAC address — which AP you have just ranged, and most importantly, the distance between the mobile phone and the access point.

Here is the list of information you can get from RTT ranging results: the distance, the distance standard deviation, which is the standard deviation from multiple ranges in multiple FTMs, and the number of attempted FTM measurements and number of successful measurements. The ratio of successful measurements over attempted measurements will give you an idea of how good the Wi-Fi environment is for RTT ranging.

We mentioned all Pixel devices support RTT.

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How about access points? We are beginning to see access points supporting the 11mc protocol in production. We are also very excited to let you know Google Wi-Fi will soon support the 11mc protocol. Of course, this is just the beginning of the long journey. Figure 4. Integrating RTT with Android location. Carrier-phase precision has been in commercial GPS receivers since the s. What is new is the availability of these carrier-phase measurements from phones and dual-frequency measurements in phones. The availability of a second frequency means that you get much faster convergence to carrier-phase accuracy.

What about hardware? These chips are now being designed into cars and phones. How do you know if a particular phone supports these measurements? At a high level, you can just go to a website that we maintain, g. A table there lists phones that support the GNSS measurements and also which characteristics they support.

This is to save battery. For this carrier-phase processing, you have to continually track the carrier wave because the carrier wave is like a finely graduated ruler or tape measure with no numbers on it. You need the tape measure to stay out and you need to process, and to do that you need to disable duty cycling. You can do that in Android P with a developer option. Details of the API.

This enables you to log the raw measurements in the phone. Figure 5. Figure 6. Sample code for getting GNSS raw measurements.

When you build an app that needs raw measurement, you will need the Android location manager API with the method registerGnssMeasurementsCallback.

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